Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming: Causes, Warning Signs and How to Fix Them
Activated sludge bulking happens when sludge settles and compacts poorly in the secondary clarifier, most often because filamentous microorganisms have become excessive. Foaming is a related problem where stable foam or scum builds up on the aeration tank surface.
Iron and Manganese in Water: Causes, Warning Signs and Oxidation-Based Treatment for Well Water
Iron and manganese in water usually come from rocks and soil in the Earth’s crust, dissolved by groundwater that is low in oxygen. When that water is pumped to the surface and exposed to air, the dissolved metals can oxidise, causing staining, metallic taste, deposits and filter clogging.
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) in Wastewater: Causes, Odour Risks and Chemical-Free Control
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in wastewater is a toxic gas associated with strong odours, worker safety risks and infrastructure corrosion. It forms when oxygen is depleted and sulfate-reducing bacteria begin converting sulfate in the wastewater into sulphide.
